Elephant: The Giant Mammal in the World

They’re enormous and intelligent, strong and sociable. Humans have been impressed by elephants for centuries, simply because they are so big—a male African elephant can weigh up to 7.5 tons (6.8 metric tons)! They also amaze us with their long and flexible noses, large and flapping ears, and loose, wrinkly skin. There are many stories about elephants—you’ve probably heard of Horton, Babar, and Dumbo. Elephants are one of the best-known animals in the world.

Scientific Classification:

Class: Mammalia (Mammals)

Order: Proboscidea

Family: Elephantidae

Genera: Loxodonta (African elephant) and Elephas (Asian elephant)

Species: africana and maximus

Subspecies: Loxodonta africana africana (African bush elephant)

Subspecies: Loxodonta africana cyclotis (African forest elephant)

Subspecies: Elephas maximus indicus (Indian elephant)

Subspecies: Elephas maximus maximus (Ceylon elephant)

Subspecies: Elephas maximus sumatranus (Sumatran elephant)

Quick Facts:

Life span: Late 30s to more than 50 in the wild and in zoos

Gestation: 20 to 22 months

Number of young at birth: 1

Age of

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Antelope

The word antelope has been used to describe a wide variety of horned mammals in the Family species within the Bovidae family that are known as goat-antelope! For the purposes of this fact sheet, we’ll focus on some of the species in the Antilopinae subfamily, animals commonly called antelope as well as those such as impalas, gazelles, and gnu or wildebeest. Be sure to see Goats & Sheep, Oryx, and Nile Lechwe to read about other Antilopinae subfamily members.

Scientific Classifiacation:

Class: Mammalia (Mammals)

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

Subfamily: Antilopinae

Genus and species: 43 genera and 239 species; however,

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Cassowary

Scientific Classification

Class: Aves (Birds)

Order: Struthioniformes

Family: Casuariidae

Genus: Casuarius

Species: casuarius (southern or double-wattled cassowary)

Species: unappendiculatus (northern or single-wattled cassowary)

Species: bennetti (dwarf cassowary)

 Quick Facts

Life span: 12 to 19 years in the wild, up to 40 years in zoos

Incubation period: 49 to 56 days

Number of eggs laid: 3 to 5

Age of maturity: 2½ to 3 years old

Size: Largest - southern cassowary, 4 to 5.6 feet (1.2 to 1.7 meters) tall, females usually larger than males

Size: Smallest - dwarf cassowary, 3.2 to 3.6 feet (1 to 1.1 meters) tall

Weight: Heaviest - southern cassowary, females up to 128 pounds ( 58 kilograms), males up to 75 pounds (34 kilograms)

Weight: Lightest - dwarf cassowary, up to 39 pounds (17.5 kilograms)

Size of egg: Up to 6.3 x 4.1 inches (16 x 10 centimeters)

Egg weight: About 20 ounces (580 grams)

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Camel:Ship of the Desert

Scientific Classification

Class: mammalia (Mammals)

Order: Cetartiodactyla

Family: Camelidae

Genus: Camelus

Species: bactrianus (Bactrian camel)

Species: dromedarius (dromedary camel)

Quick Facts

Life span: Median life expectancy is 17.8 years

Gestation: 12 to 14 months, depending on species

Number of young at birth: 1, rarely 2

Age of maturity: Females, 3 years; males, 5 to 7 years

Size: Bactrian - 10 to 11.5 feet (3.2 to 3.5 meters) long

Size: Dromedary - 7.2 to 11.2 feet (2.2 to 3.4 meters) long

Size: Bactrian - 5.2 to 5.9 feet (1.6 to 1.8 meters) tall at shoulder

Size: Dromedary – 5.9 to 6.6 feet (1.8 to 2 meters) tall at shoulder

Weight: Bactrian - 990 to 1,100 pounds (450 to 500 kilograms)

Weight: Dromedary – 880 to 1,320 (400 to 600 kilograms)

Weight at birth: Bactrian - 70 to 75 pounds (32 to 34 kilograms)

Weight at birth: Dromedary – 57 to 114 pounds (26 to 52 kilograms)

Fun Facts

• Camels store fat, not water, in their humps to tide them over on long walks through the desert when there is not much to eat.
• Camels have a natural pacing gait, moving both legs from the same side of the body at the same time.

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The Giraffe

Taxonomy:

                         Giraffe                                 Okapi

Kingdom:	Animalia	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla	Artiodactyla
Family:	Giraffidae	Giraffidae
Genus:	Giraffa	Okapia
Species:	G. camelopardalis	O. johnston
Binomial Name:	Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Okapia johnstoni (Sclater, 1901)

How long do giraffe live?

We don't really know how long giraffe live in the wild as there is no recorded evidence. We believe that both male (bulls) and female (cows) giraffe can live to about 25 years in the wild and even longer in captivity. In our long-term conservation project in North-West Namibia we now know that some giraffe that were first identified in the year 2000 and were sub-adults then, are still alive today - making them the oldest recorded giraffe in the wild.

                                

However, even the world’s tallest animal has enemies. Giraffe mortality rates vary from region to region dependant on density of natural predators. Even adult male giraffe are predated by lions, while sub-adults and calves are particularly vulnerable and can also be taken by hyena, leopard, wild dog and crocodile. 

As an example,

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Wildlife:Mammals

Mammals are some of the most beautiful, amazing animals on our planet Earth. They come in all shapes and sizes – from armadillos to whales!  Mammals share very distinct similarities that might surprise you.

Mammals belong to the animal class Mammalia. They share specific  characteristics that differ from other animals. For one, nearly all mammals are warm-blooded and give birth to live young, rather than laying eggs.

Female mammals are the only creatures on our planet that make milk  for their young. The milk is produced through the mother’s mammary glands, which are located on the chest and upper groin area. The milk is rich in vitamins and special nutrients crucial to a baby animal’s needs.

Unlike our cold-blooded reptile friends such as snakes, who require morning sunlight to warm up, mammals are virtually ready to start the day instantly. Their bodies make enough heat to hold a consistently warm temperature.

While most mammals

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The Healthy Way To Eat Eggs

Eggs are a good source of protein, but it's important to store, handle and prepare them properly.

Eggs are a good choice as part of a healthy, balanced diet. As well as being a source of protein, they also contain vitamins and minerals. They can be part of a healthy meal that's quick and easy to make.

However, to avoid any risk of food poisoning, it's important to always buy eggs from a reputable supplier, and then store, handle and cook eggs properly. This advice especially applies to people in vulnerable groups, including the very young, the unwell, pregnant women and elderly people.

Eggs and your diet

Eggs are a good source of:

• protein
• vitamin D
• vitamin A
• vitamin B2
• vitamin B12
• folate
• iodine

How many eggs is it safe to eat?

There is no recommended limit on how many eggs people should eat.

Eggs can be enjoyed as part of a healthy balanced diet, but

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Chicken Breeds

Egg Layers

While all chickens can lay eggs, not all chickens can lay enough eggs to suit everyone's needs. Some chickens can only produce a few eggs a week, while others can produce hundreds over the course of the year, and even into winter months. We've broken our breeds into categories that let you know which chickens are known for their eggs, and which just don't cut it.

Meat Breeds

Sometimes chickens are just there to be food, but not evey chicken will make a good meal. Some chickens are justtoo scrawny to be very useful as a meat bird, and otherse will be huge but mature too slowly to be consideredviable as a dinner chicken. And others still are just a breed that's consdierd endangered, so raising them forslaughter becomes counter-productive.

That's why proper breeding tactics will come into place with your meat production chickens. Knowing how to reedthem together to ensure every new clutch of eggs will yield the biggest and best chickens for the job is critical,and we can give you some tips on how best to plan.

We'll even give you

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Admission 2015-16 Going On Jhenidah Government Veterinary College.

ঝিনাইদহ সরকারী ভেটেরিনারি কলেজ এ ২০১৫-২০১৬ শিক্ষাবর্ষে   ৫ বছর মেয়াদী ডিভিএম (ডক্টর অব ভেটেরিনারি মেডিসিন ) কোর্সে ১ম বর্ষে ভর্তির জন্য ভর্তি পরীক্ষায় অংশগ্রহনের নিমিত্তে এসএমএস  এর মাধ্যমে আবেদন আহবান করা যাচ্ছে।

** আবেদনের সময় : ২৬/১১/২০১৫ ইং তারিখ রোজ বৃহস্পতিবার দুপুর ১২:০০টা হতে ১৭/১২/২০১৫ ইং তারিখ রোজ বৃহস্পতিবার রাত ১১:৫৯মি : পর্যন্ত (যে কোনো সময় ) আবেদন করা যাবে।

** ভর্তি পরীক্ষার তারিখ ও সময় :  ০১/০১/২০১৬ইং রোজ শুক্রবার সকাল ১০ ঘটিকা হতে ১১ ঘটিকা পর্যন্ত।

** ২০১৫-২০১৬ সেশনে মোট আসন সংখ্যা : ৬০

** টেলিটক মোবাইল ফোনে এসএমএস এর মাধ্যমে ভর্তির আবেদন করতে হবে।

SMS Format: JGVC<>first three letter of HSC passing BOARD<>HSC Roll<>HSC passing Year<>first three letter of SSC passing BOARD<>SSC Roll<>SSC passing Year AND SEND IT TO 16222.

Example: JGVC JES 123456 2015 JES 654321 2013

** পরীক্ষার ফি : ৮০০/-(আটশত টাকা ) ।

** ভর্তি পরীক্ষা MCQ পদ্ধতিতে হবে।

** ভর্তি পরীক্ষার সর্বমোট নম্বর = ১০০ (লিখিত পরীক্ষা =৮০ এবং এসএসসি ও এইচএসসি পরীক্ষার প্রাপ্ত জিপিএ থেকে = ২০) ।

        # লিখিত পরীক্ষার ৮০ নম্বর  (জীববিজ্ঞান=৩০, পদার্থবিজ্ঞান =১৫, রসায়ন =১৫, গণিত =১০ ও ইংরেজি =১০)

        # এইচএসসি পরীক্ষার প্রাপ্ত জিপিএ কে ২.৫ দ্বারা গুণ করা হবে এবং এসএসসি পরীক্ষার প্রাপ্ত জিপিএ কে ১.৫ দ্বারা গুণ করা হবে।

For Details : www.dls.bd.com

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Treatment For Mesothelioma Symptoms

Trеatment of рlеurаl mesothеlioma is lіmіted аnd as уet thеrе is nо рrореr cure. Pleurаl Mesothelіoma prоvidеs detaіled іnfоrmаtiоn оn Mаlіgnant Diffusе Рleural Меsоtheliоmа, Malignаnt Рlеurаl Мesоthеlіoma, Маlignаnt Pleural Меsоthelіоma Survivаl Ratе, Мesоthelioma Plеural Вraсhуtherару and mоrе. Pleural Mеsotheliоma іs a sеriоus аіlment thаt аffects the thorасіc cаvіty. It іs а rarе fоrm оf canсer that іs mоstlу assоciаtеd with expоsurе tо аsbеstоs. Malignаnt Plеural Мesоthеliоmа іs а lеthal cancеr thаt starts іn thе lіning of thе lungs. Тhey all сome to the same cоnclusion – the dіsеаsе іs almost always fatаl. Plеural mеsothelіomа іs the most соmmon fоrm оf mesothelioma cancer, accountіng for aррrохimаtеlу 75% of all mesothelioma cases.

Symptoms:

During the eаrlу stаgеs of Mesothelioma, the. Onе of thе characterіstіcs of mesоthelіоma is thаt symptoms саn aрреаr very lаte, sometimеs 50 уears followіng first contact wіth asbеstоs. In fасt, the first sіgns оf abdоmіnаl asbestоs mesotheliоmа mау not bе notіceable untіl 20 to 50 уеаrs aftеr asbestos ехрosurе. Моrеovеr, thе symptoms саn varу, dеpеnding оn sеvеrаl factors, suсh аs the sреcіfiс type оf mеsоthelіоmа a раtіent hаs аnd his lеngth оf expоsurе to asbеstоs. Веsіdes, еxhaustiоn, weіght loss and apреtite loss аrе sоmе оf the оthеr contrіbutіng symрtoms. Thе pеrsоn whо hаs dеveloреd mesothelioma hаs tо be dіagnоsed іmmеdiаtеlу when thеsе symptoms arе seеn. Thе symptoms and sіgns of Mesothelioma сan be іncredіbly cоmmоn thаt іs why thе

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A Documentary on Great Bengali Mathemetician K P Bashu

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Saliva (Digestive Juice)

Saliva is a watery alkaline secretion delivered into the mouth from salivary glands. Parotid, mandibular and sublingual glands are the major glands whereas labial, lingual palatine and buccal gland are the minor glands.

Composition of saliva:

Water (98.5-99%)

Dry matter (1-1.5%)

Gases (O2, N2 and CO2)

Cellular constituents Inorganic substances (Na, K, Ca, Cl, HCO3)

Organic substances

(yeast cell, bacteria, protozoa)

Enzyme Other organics

Ptyaline Mucin

Carbonic anhydrase Glucose

Phosphatase Protein

Lysozymes Cholesterol

Functions of saliva:

Food can be digested in the absence of saliva, but saliva is present, it does contribute. It also has several other functions.

a. Digestion: Saliva helps the food to be digested in the mouth and then partially digested specially starch by ptyalin. As the foods do not remain in the mouth for long time, the activities of saliva may continuesin the stomach for awhile upto the pH 4.5 deactivated by HCl in the stomach.

b. Deglutition: Swallowing, termed deglutition is impossible in the absence of

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Historical Aspects of Pathology

 -- The oldest civilized people (Chinese, Indians, Egyptians) were under the impression that disease occurred when demons or evil spirits were displeased with an individual. The medicine men were concerned with appeasing these evil spirits.

 -- During the Tigris-Euphrates era, veterinary medicine was first mentioned in recorded history. Veterinary medicine received a considerable degree of attention because of the importance of the horse to society. The "Laws of Hammurabi" (2100 B.C.) established rigid rules and regulations for veterinary practitioners, and these rules included the regulation of fees. In addition, the Hebrews, Babylonians, Greeks and Carthaginians made important contributions to the medical literature. However, the majority of this recorded history was destroyed by the Crusades and barbarians.

 -- The Egyptians began to influence medicine around 4000 B.C. These people were adept in certain phases of medicine, especially skull surgery. In addition,

embalming was an art employed by the Egyptians; many of these bodies (mummies) are still well preserved. There is no record of the Egyptians finding lesions or diseases during the embalming process.

 -- The Mosaic Doctrine (1500 B.C.) is the first recorded evidence of systematic meat inspection. These lays, as formulated by Moses and described in the books of Exodus and Leviticus, are similar to those we have today. Even though the Hebrews were advanced in food sanitation, they still accepted "divine displeasure" as the cause of disease.

 -- The Greek culture had a profound effect on the scientific approach to medicine. Greek physicians elucidated the principles of exact and careful clinical observations. However, they did not deal with the nature or the changes that occurred subsequent to disease.

1. HIPPOCRATES (460-375 B.C.)

AGreek physician, introduced the humoral theory of disease. He recognized four humors or fluids in the body:

 (1) blood which came from the heart;

 (2) phlegm which came from the brain;

 (3) yellow bile which

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Factors of Digestion

There are several factors of digestion. These are as follows:
1. Mechanical factors:
a. Prehension: Prehension means to grasp or to hold off and taken into mouth. Different species has different prehensile techniques and prehensile organs as well. These includes lips, teeth, tongue, forelimb, snout, claws etc.


b. Mastication (Chewing): Mastication means to make particles into smaller pieces. During mastication salivation is increased which helps to make bolus formation for easy swallowing.


c. Deglutition: deglutition is the process of swallowing of boluses to the stomach through the pharynx and esophagus. It is a complex reflex act.


d. Regurgitation:
The return of undigested material from the stomach to the mouth called regurgitation. Regurgitation is noted in ruminants and in certain birds such as

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Ebola Virus

A South Korean university has rescinded an invitation for three Nigerians to attend a conference and a group of South Korean medical volunteers has called off a trip to West Africa amid growing concerns about the spread of the deadly Ebola virus. The Duksung Women’s University in Seoul said in a statement the school “politely withdrew” its invitation for three Nigerian students to attend an international conference that it is co-hosting with the UN starting from Monday. Fear about a possible spread of the deadly virus had prompted a student from the university to post a plea on the country’s presidential office web site, asking for the cancellation of the entire event.
The university has said

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Development of Anatomy

Anatomy according to Vesalius (1543) should rightly be regarded as the firm foundation of the whole art of medicine and its essential preliminary. It should also be realise that anatomy introduce the student to a large portion of the medical terminology. Anatomy is the branch of biological science which deals with the form and structure of organisms. It is, therefore, in close correlation with physiology which treats of the functions of the body.

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Modern Veterinary Anatomy

 Until 1895 there was no general agreement on the nomenclature of human or veterinary anatomy. Each nation had its own system of terminology, although there was a common foundation that extended far back into history.

Many structure had different names in different countries and many were named after the man credited with the first description. In many cases the same organ was associated with the names of different anatomists in different countries. Since this time there have been several human Nomina Anatomicas; the first International Nomina Anatomica  Veterinaria was published in 1968.

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The Beginning of Veterinary Anatomy

In historical information in China, there are records dating to 4000-3000 B.C. that record the use of herbs for curative purposes for humans and animals. Egyptian hieroglyphics from around 3500 B.C. show the presence of numerous types of domesticated animals. But, the evidence for the development of a body of information directly dealing with animal healing in Western thought is implicated to have begun in Mesopotamia in about 300 B.C. The first individual to be considered a veterinarian is Urlagaldinna. The Greek Scientist, Alcmaeon (c. 500 B.C.) was the first person known to have dissected animals for scientific purposes. In India there are records that animal hospitals were established in India during the Brahaman era and the reign of King Ashoka (273-232 B.C.).

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Earlier History of Veterinary Medicine

History of Veterinary Medicine

Premodern era

"Shalihotra" manuscript pages

The Egyptian Papyrus of Kahun (1900 BCE) and Vedic literature in ancient India offer one of the first written records of veterinary medicine.(See also Shalihotra) ( Buddhism) First Buddhist Emperor of India edicts of Asoka reads: "Everywhere King Piyadasi (Asoka) made two kinds of medicine available, medicine for people and medicine for animals. Where there were no healing herbs for people and animals, he ordered that they be bought and planted."

The first attempts to organize and regulate the practice of treating animals tended to focus on horses because of their economic significance. In the Middle Ages from around 475 CE, farriers combined their work in horseshoeing with the more general task of "horse doctoring". In 1356, the Lord Mayor of London, concerned at the poor standard of care given to horses in the city, requested that all farriers operating within a seven-mile radius of the City of London form a "fellowship" to regulate and improve their practices. This ultimately led to the establishment of the Worshipful Company of Farriers in 1674.

Meanwhile, Carlo Ruini's book Anatomia del Cavallo, (Anatomy of the Horse) was published in 1598. It was the first comprehensive treatise on the anatomy of a non-human species.

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